This PedsCases note provides a one-page summary on failure to thrive, including history, physical exam, differential diagnosis and management. It was developed by Tingting Yan, a medical student at the University of Toronto with the help of Dr. Kim Zhou, a paediatrician at North York General Hospital.

Click on the image for a full-screen handout.

Related content:

Podcast: Failure to Thrive

References

CPS statement - https://cps.ca/documents/position/toddler-falling-off-the-growth-chart

Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics – chapter on Failure to Thrive

PedsCases FTT podcast

This PedsCases note provides a one-page handout on sun and insect safety. It was developed by Heather Halperin, a medical student at the University of Alberta and Dr. L. Cynthia Gunaratnam, Pediatrician at the University of Alberta. 

Click the image for a full-screen PDF handout. 

Related content:

Video: Myths and Facts about Sun Protection in Pediatric Population

References:

1. Caring for Kids. (2019). Insect repellents: How to protect your child from insect bites. Retrieved from: https://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/insect_repellents

2. Caring for Kids. (2016). Sun safety. Retrieved from: https://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/handouts/sun_safety

3. About Kids Health. (2013). Sunburn. Retrieved from: https://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/article?contentid=768&language=English

4. Onyett, H. Preventing mosquito and tick bites: A Canadian update. Paediatr Child Health 2014;19(6):326-328.

This PedsCases note provides a one-page handout on dog and cat bites. It was created by Emma Yanko, a medical student at the University of Saskatchewan with the help of Dr. John Staples, a pediatric plastic surgeon at the University of Saskatchewan.

Click on the image below for a full-screen PDF handout. 

Related Content: 

Podcast: Pediatric Trauma

References

1. Bula-Rudas FJ, Olcott JL. Human and Animal Bites. Pediatr Rev [Internet]. 2018 Oct 1 [cited 2022 Oct 3];39(10):490–500. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.cyber.usask.ca/30275032/ 

2. Kennedy SA, Stoll LE, Lauder AS. Human and other mammalian bite injuries of the hand: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg [Internet]. 2015 Jan 13 [cited 2022 Oct 3];23(1):47–57. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.cyber.usask.ca/25538130/

3. Morgan M, Palmer J. Dog bites. BMJ [Internet]. 2007 Feb 24 [cited 2022 Oct 3];334(7590):413–7. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.cyber.usask.ca/17322257/

4. ELLIS R, ELLIS C. Dog and Cat Bites. Am Fam Physician [Internet]. 2014 Aug 15 [cited 2022 Oct 3];90(4):239–43. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2014/0815/p239.html

5. Aziz H, Rhee P, Pandit V, Tang A, Gries L, Joseph B. The current concepts in management of animal (dog, cat, snake, scorpion) and human bite wounds. J Trauma Acute Care Surg [Internet]. 2015 Mar 6 [cited 2022 Oct 3];78(3):641–8. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.cyber.usask.ca/25710440/

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on retinopathy of prematurity including presentation, pathophysiology, complications and management. It was developed by Kimberly Papp, a medical student at the University of Alberta with the help of Dr. Ian MacDonald, an ophthalmologistat at the University of Alberta. 

Click the image for a full-screen handout. 

Related Content:

Podcast: Retinopathy of Prematurity

Podcast: Approach to Prematurity – Part I An Overview of Prematurity

References

1. Society C, Jefferies A. Retinopathy of prematurity: An update on screening and management. Canadian Paediatric Society [Internet]. Cps.ca. 2016 [cited 02 July 2023]. Available from: https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/retinopathy-of-prematurity-screening

2. Fierson WM, AAP American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophthalmology, AAP American Academy of Ophthalmology, AAP American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, AAP American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018;142(6):e20183061 [cited 02 July 2023]. Available from: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/142/6/e20183061/37478/Screening-Examination-of-Premature-Infants-for 

3. Gervasio KA, Peck TJ, Fathy CA, Sivalingam MD, Friedberg MA, Rapuano CJ, Wills Eye Hospital. The Wills Eye Manual: Office and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease. Philadelphia PA, Wolters Kluwer, 2022. 

4. Root, T. Ophthobook. Chapter 7: Pediatric Ophthalmology. 2009. 

5. Olejnik S, Landry MA. Retinopathy of Prematurity. PedsCases [Internet]. 2020 [cited 02 July 2023]. Available from: https://www.pedscases.com/retinopathy-prematurity-0 

This PedsCases note provides a one page handout on systemic lupus erythematosus. This note will review ACR criteria, clinical features, relevant investigations and management. This podcast was developed by Harleen Cheema, a medical student at the University of Alberta, in collaboration with pediatric rheumatologist, Dr. Jeanine McColl from the University of Alberta.

Click the image for a full screen handout. 

Related Content

• Podcast: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

References

1. A Resident's Guide to Pediatric Rheumatology, 4th Revised Edition (2019).

2. Systemic lupus erythematosus. PedsCases. (n.d.). https://www.pedscases.com/systemic-lupus-erythematosus

3. Weiss, J. E. (2012). Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: More than a positive antinuclear antibody. Pediatrics in Review, 33(2), 62–74. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.33-2-62

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on normal pubertal development. It reviews the definition of puberty and its onset, physiology and presentation. It was developed by Selina Chow, a medical student at the University of Toronto with the help of Dr. Rhea D’Costa, a developmental pediatrician at the University of Toronto. 

Click the image for a full-screen handout.  

Related Content

Video: Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Part 1: Normal Puberty

Video: Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Part 2: Precocious Puberty

Video: Puberty and Pubertal Disorders Part 3: Delayed Puberty

References

1. Wolf RM, Long D. Pubertal development. Pediatrics in review. 2016;37(7):292-300. DOI 10.1542/pir.2015-0065

2. Komorniczak M. Tanner Scale - Female [Internet]. Wikimedia Commons. 2009 [cited 2023 May 9]. Available from:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tanner_scale-female.svg

3. Komorniczak M. Tanner Scale - Male [Internet]. Wikimedia Commons. 2009 [cited 2023 May 9]. Available from:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tanner_scale-male.svg 

This PedsCases Note provides a one-page infographic on deferred cord clamping. It was created by Vaishvi Patel and Ronan Noble, two medical students at the Univeristy of Alberta, with the help of Dr. Georg Schmölzer, Neonatologist at the University of Alberta. 

Click on the image for a full screen handout. 

References 

1. https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/umbilical-cord-management-in-preterm-and-term-infants

2. Rabe H, Gyte GM, Díaz‐Rossello JL, Duley L. Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping and other strategies to influence placental transfusion at preterm birth on maternal and infant outcomes. Cochrane Database Syst Revi2019;9(9):CD003248.

3. Fogarty M, Osborn D, Askie L, et al. Delayed vs early umbilical cord clamping for preterm infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018;2018(1):1-18.

4. Seidler AL, Gyte GML, Rabe H, Díaz-Rossello JL, Duley L, Aziz K, Testoni Costa-Nobre D, Davis PG, Schmölzer GM, Ovelman C, Askie LM, Soll R; INTERNATIONAL LIAISON COMMITTEE ON RESUSCITATION NEONATAL LIFE SUPPORT TASK FORCE. Umbilical Cord Management for Newborns <34 Weeks' Gestation: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2021 Mar;147(3):e20200576. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0576. PMID: 33632931; PMCID: PMC7924139.

This PedsCases note provides a one-page infographic on conjunctivitis and its presentation, management and red flags! It was created by Kimberly Papp, a medical student at the University of Alberta with the help of Dr. Matthew Benson, an ophthalmologist at the University of Alberta. 

Click the image for a full-screen handout. 

Related Content

Podcast: The Pediatric Eye Exam in Primary Care

References

1. Cronau H, Kankanala RR, Mauger T. Diagnosis and Management of Red Eye in Primary Care. American Family Physician (2010). 81(2):137-144. Cited 02 Jul 2023. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/0115/p137.html

2. Azari AA, Arabi A. Conjunctivitis: a Systematic Review. Journal of Ophthalmic Vision Research (2020). 15(3):372-395. Cited 02 Jul 2023. doi: 10.18502/jovr.v15i3.7456

3. "Conjunctivitis". Bugs & Drugs (2023). [Internet]. Cited 02 Jul 2023. Available from: https://www.bugsanddrugs.org/4D80C84E-94A5-4911-B85D-C81DF1FB7DBA

4. Mahoney MJ, Bekibele R, Notermann SL, Reuter TG, Borman-Shoap EC. Pediatric Conjunctivitis: a Review of Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management. Children (2023): 10(5):808. Cited 02 Jul 2023. doi: 10.3390/children10050808

Ce balado a été créé par Kaylee Novack, graduée de médecine et étudiante à la maîtrise à l’Université de Montréal, en collaboration avec Dr Nicholas Chadi, auteur principal de l’énoncé de positionnement de la Société Canadienne de Pédiatrie de 2021 sur la protection des enfants et adolescents contre les risques du vapotage. Ce balado a été traduit et enregistré en français par Sophie Marsolais, diplômée de la faculté de médecine de l'Université de Montréal et actuellement étudiante à la maîtrise en éthique clinique. Ce balado va faire un survol du vapotage, discuter de quelle façon aborder le sujet avec les adolescents en clinique et discuter du traitement pour les troubles liés à l'usage des produits de vapotage.

• Script
• English Podcast
• Download on iTunes

Related Content: 

• Podcast: Adolescent Substance Use

Ce balado va faire un survol du vapotage, discuter de quelle façon aborder le sujet avec les adolescents en clinique et discuter du traitement pour les troubles liés à l'usage des produits de vapotage.

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on normal variants of short stature. It includes definitions, measuring stature, history & physical, diferential diagnosis and potential investigations. It was developed by Bryan Wong, a medical student at Queen's University with the help of Dr. van Wylick, a general pediatrician at Queen's University. 

Click the image below for a full-screen PDF handout.

Related Content:

1. Podcast: Short Stature

2. Podcast: Failure to Thrive

References

1. Canadian Paediatric Society. (2010, June 1). Promoting optimal monitoring of child growth in Canada: Using the New World Health Organization Growth Charts: Canadian Paediatric Society. Promoting 

2. optimal monitoring of child growth in Canada: Using the new World Health Organization grow | Canadian Paediatric Society. https://cps.ca/en/documents/position/child-growth-charts

3. Marks, S. (2009, September 4). Short stature. PedsCases. https://www.pedscases.com/short-stature

4. Nwosu, B. U., & Lee, M. M. (2008). Evaluation of short and tall stature in children. American family physician, 78(5), 597–604.

5. Richmond, E. J., & Rogol, A. D. (2023a, June 5). Causes of short stature. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-short-stature

6. Richmond, E. J., & Rogol, A. D. (2023b, June 9). Diagnostic approach to children and adolescents with short stature. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/diagnostic-approach-to-children-and-adolescents-with-short-stature 

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on craniosynostosis, its defintion, pathophysiology, presentation, differential diagnosis and management. It was created by Colborne Kemna, a medical student at the University of Alberta, Dr. Alexander Perry and a Plastics resident at the University of Alberta with the help of Dr. Curtis Budden, Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery at the University of Alberta. 

Click the image below for a full-page handout!

Related Content

1. Podcast: Elevated Intracranial Pressure

References

1. Jeffrey E. Janis, ed. Essentials of Plastic Surgery. 3rd ed. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.; 2023. 

2. Nina Kajdic, et al. Craniosynostosis - Recognition, clinical characteristics, and treatment. Biomolecules & Biomedicine. 2018; 18(2): 110-116.

3. Mark S. Dias, et al. Identifying the misshapen head: craniosynostosis and related disorders. Pediatrics. 2020; 146(3): 1-20.

4. J.C. Montoya, L.J. Eckel, D.R. DeLone, A.L. Kotsenas, F.E. Diehn, L. Yu, A.C. Bartley, R.E. Carter, C.H. McCollough, J.G. Fletcher. Low-Dose CT for Craniosynostosis: Preserving Diagnostic Benefit with Substantial Radiation Dose Reduction. American journal of neuroradiology. 2017; 38(4): 672‐677.

5. Irene M. J. Mathijssen. Updated Guideline on Treatment and Management of Craniosynostosis. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2021; 32(1): 371-450.

6. Robert C. Tasker. Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) in children: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/elevated-intracranial-pressure-icp-in-children-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis?search=elevated%20icp%20children&source=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2. Apr 2022. Mar 2023.

This PedsCases note provides a one-page summary of the top 10 Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) guidelines for pediatric clerkship! It was created by the CPS, with the help of Cindy Lin, a medical student at Western University.

Click the image below for a full-screen handout with links to the guidelines!

Click the image below for a full-screen handout with links to the guidelines!

References: Canadian Paediatric Society 

This PedsCases note provides the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) position statement regarding the top 10 PedsCases notes that may be useful for medical students as well as some helpful PedsCases podcasts on clinical approaches and key conditions.

Click the image below for the full 8-page handout with links to the resources! 

References: Canadian Paediatric Society. 

This Pedscases note provides a one-page overview on the presentation, diagnosis, management and prognosis of intussusception. It was developed by Jonah Isen, a medical student at Queen's University with the help of Dr. Andrea Winthrop, a pediatric surgeon at Queen's University. 

Click the image below for a full-screen handout!

Related Content:

Podcast: An Approach to Intussusception

Podcast: Acute Abdominal Pain

References

1. Department of General Surgery. (2016). Intussusception: Information for Families. Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust

2. Greif E. (2014). Intussusception case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 31 Aug 2023). doi: 10.53347/rID-29373

3. Otero J, Posa M &amp; Kelly M. (2017). Rectal bleeding and abdominal pain following vaccination in a 4-Month-Old Infant. Case Reports in Pediatrics. 2017. 1-4. doi: 10.1155/2017/9461315.

4. Sutcliffe J. (2022). Intussusception. BMJ Best Practice

5. Salazar J &amp; Vo N. (2023). Intussusception in children. UpToDate.

This PedsCases Note provides a one-page handout on pediatric anemia. It was created by Ioulia Opotchanova, a fourth year medical student at the University of Alberta, in collaboration with Dr. Jessica Foulds, pediatric hospitalist at the University of Alberta. 

Click on the image below for the full-screen PDF handout.

Related Content

• Podcast: Approach to Pediatric Anemia (Part 1)
• Podcast: Approach to Pediatric Anemia (Part 2)

References

1. Powers, J. M., & Sandoval, C. (2023, January 12). Approach to the child with anemia. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/approach-to-the-child-with-anemia?sear...urce=search_result&selectedTitle=2~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=2

2. Powers, J. M. (2023, July 19). Iron deficiency in infants and children &lt;12 years: Screening, prevention, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/iron-deficiency-in-infants-and-childre...s-screening-prevention-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis

3. Janus, J. Evaluation of Anemia in Children. American Family Physician. 2010 Jun 15;81(12):1462-1471. Available from: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0615/p1462.html Gallagher P. G. (2022). Anemia in the pediatric patient. Blood, 140(6), 571–593. https://doi-org.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/10.1182/blood.2020006479

4. Gallagher P. G. (2022). Anemia in the pediatric patient. Blood, 140(6), 571–593. https://doi-org.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/10.1182/blood.2020006479

    

    

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on the presentation, pathophysiology, investigations, management and complications of scabies. It was created by Emily Wener, a medical student at the University of Ottawa with the help of Dr. Alex MacKenzie MD, PhD, a pediatrician at Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario. 

Click the image below for a full-screen handout.

References

1. Banerji A, Canadian Paediatric Society First Nations, Inuit and Métis Health Committee. Scabies. Paediatr Child Health. 2015;20(7):395-398

2. Bhat, S.A., Mounsey, K.E., Liu, X. et al. Host immune responses to the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, in humans. Parasites Vectors 10, 385 (2017).

3. Gilson RL, Crane JS. Scabies. [Updated 2022 Aug 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544306/

4. Thompson R, Westbury S, Slape D. Paediatrics: how to manage scabies. Drugs Context. 2021; 10:2020-12-3

Related content:

Podcast: Lice and Scabies

This PedsCases note provides a one-page overview on common childhood strabismus types and presentations. It was created by Megan Pohl, a medical student at the University of Alberta with the help of Dr. Christopher Rudinsky, Professor in the Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science at the University of Alberta.

Click below for a full-screen handout.

Related content:

Podcast: Approach to Structural Eye Abnormalities

Podcast: The Pediatric Eye Exam in Primary Care

Podcast: An Approach to Amblyopia

References

1. Barrett, B. T., Bradley, A., &amp; Candy, T. R. (2013). The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 36, 120–158. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.05.001

2. Rudnisky, C. (2023, March). Pediatric Eye Disease. Lecture, Edmonton; Katz Group Centre Allard Family Lecture Theatre Hall .

3. Sharma P, Gaur N, Phuljhele S, Saxena R. What&#39;s new for us in strabismus? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2017 Mar;65(3):184-190. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_867_16. PMID: 28440246; PMCID: PMC5426122.

The following resource was developed by Dr. Cara Dosman from the University of Alberta, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics.

Click on the image below for the fulld-screen PDF Handout

The following resource was developed by Dr. Cara Dosman from the University of Alberta, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics.

Click on the image below for the fulld-screen PDF Handout.

Acknowledgements (First Six Years and School Age): Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital colleagues in Audiology, Language Speech and Hearing Intervention Program, Pediatric Feeding/Swallowing Service, Knowledge Resource Service, Occupational Therapy, Psychology, Speech-Language Pathology; University of Alberta colleagues Patty Belton, Miranda Holliday, and Monika Igali; University of Alberta and national colleagues in Developmental Pediatrics, Education, Family Medicine, General Pediatrics, Infant/Child Mental Health, Northern Neonatal Follow-up Program, Pediatric Neurology, Practitioner Nursing, and Psychology

This note provides a one-page outline on Addison's Disease, including its pathophysiology, presentation, investigations and management. It was created by Morgan Lapierre, a medical student at the University of Alberta with the help of Dr. Elizabeth Rosolowsky, a Pediatric Endocrinologist at the University of Alberta.

Click the image below for a full-page handout. 

Related Content:

Podcast: Approach to Adrenal Insufficiency

References:

Kim MS., & Hoppin AG. (2023). Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Adrenal Insufficiency in Children. UpToDate. Retrieved April 03, 2023 from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-adrenal-insufficiency-in-children.

Kim MS., & Hoppin AG. (2022). Treatment of Adrenal Insufficiency in Children. UpToDate. Retrieved April 03, 2023 from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/treatment-of-adrenal-insufficiency-in-children.

Kim MS., & Hoppin AG. (2022). Causes of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency in Children. UpToDate. Retrieved April 03, 2023 from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/causes-of-primary-adrenal-insufficiency-in-children.

Emily Walvoord. (2020). Child with Suspected Adrenal Insufficiency. Pediatric Endocrine Society. Retrieved July 03, 2023 from https://pedsendo.org/clinical-resource/child-with-suspected-adrenal-insufficiency/.

Ahmet, A., Gupta, A., Malcolm, J., & Constantacos, C. (2023). Approach to the Patient: Preventing Adrenal Crisis Through Patient and Clinician Education. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 108(7), 1797–1805. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad003.